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・ Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
・ Japanese occupation of the Philippines
・ Japanese Occupation Site, Kiska Island
・ Japanese official war artists
・ Japanese oiler Irō
・ Japanese oiler Tōhō Maru (1936)
・ Japanese Olympic Committee
・ Japanese opium policy in Taiwan (1895–1945)
・ Japanese order of battle during the Malayan Campaign
・ Japanese orphans in China
・ Japanese Orthodox Church
・ Japanese orthographic issues
・ Japanese Language and Literature
・ Japanese language education in India
・ Japanese language education in Kazakhstan
Japanese language education in Mongolia
・ Japanese language education in Qatar
・ Japanese language education in Russia
・ Japanese language education in Thailand
・ Japanese language education in the United States
・ Japanese language education in Vietnam
・ Japanese Language Supplementary School of Houston
・ Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland
・ Japanese Lantern (Washington, D.C.)
・ Japanese Lantern Monument
・ Japanese lates
・ Japanese leaf warbler
・ Japanese Left Army
・ Japanese Lighthouse
・ Japanese Lighthouse (Garapan, Saipan)


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Japanese language education in Mongolia : ウィキペディア英語版
Japanese language education in Mongolia
Japanese language education in Mongolia formally dates back to 1975, when the National University of Mongolia established an elective course in Japanese language. A 2003 survey found 199 teachers teaching 9,080 students of Japanese at 67 different institutions.
==Opportunities and motivations for study==
The study of Japanese in Mongolia, in common with the study of English and German language, began to expand early in the 1990s in the so-called "language boom" which occurred as the country began to liberalise. In the 1970s and 1980s, only 3-5 students enrolled each year in the single Japanese course offered by the National University of Mongolia; Mongolians who went to Japan as international scholarship students typically had little language preparation beforehand, and took courses at the Osaka University of Foreign Studies to catch up before beginning their subject-area studies. However, the situation began to improve in the late 1980s, when NUM established an evening course in Japanese, and in 1989, when two more non-school institutions began offering Japanese courses.〔 NUM established a full major in the subject in 1990; one school also began offering Japanese language instruction to primary and secondary students that year.〔
The Ministry of Education has not established a standardised curriculum for Japanese language instruction at the secondary levels, as it has for the mandatory foreign languages of English and Russian.〔 Primary and secondary students compose only 13.6% of all students of Japanese in the country; the rest are divided roughly equally between institutions of higher education and non-school institutions. However, the student-teacher ratios are much more favourable in institutions of higher education, with roughly 33 students per teacher, as compared to 109 students per teacher in non-school institutions.〔 Textbooks in use mainly consist of those donated by the Japan Foundation; the beginners' textbook is one of the more popular ones. A textbook aimed specifically at Mongolian learners was published in July 1996.〔
Common motivations for language learning include the desire to study in Japan, to understand Japanese culture, and to learn about Japanese technology; tourism and the desire to learn about Japanese politics in contrast were not widely cited as reasons for learning the language.〔 Teachers feel there are a sufficient number of beginning and intermediate level courses, but not enough advanced-level courses.

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